Page 32 - Auction Team Breker | Wissenschaft & Technik, Büro-Antik, Spielzeug | 30. Mai 2015

Schickard, Leibniz, Pascal, Grillet, and others, Far- doil's calculator was a true "pocket calculator" as it is flat and would fit in any pocket. – Instructions on how to operate the machine are included in German and Eng- lish. – Calculators manufactured by hand before mass- production, which started around 1875, are extremely scarce; there are less than ten other models of calcula- tors known which were invented or made before circa 1700. Fardoil invented his adding machine approx. 80 years before the French Revolution! King Louis XVI – executed in 1793 - was not even born when Fardoil built his adding machine. Louis XVI was born only about 50 years later, in 1754. – Pocket watches were already made in large numbers as everybody had a need to know time and pocket watches were a status symbol at the time. – The Fardoils were a watch-making dynasty. Pierre Fardoil was one of the sons of Pierre Fardoil senior from Blois, France, who died in 1669. Fardoil became a registered master watchmaker in 1684. He was a Huguenot and fled France for London due to religious persecution; there he worked under the name Peter Fardoil. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 caused the Huguenots, mostly protestants, to lose their civil rights and resulted in their escape to neighboring countries as refugees. Around 1700 Far- doil returned to France and set up his workshop at the Place Dauphine in Paris as watchmaker for the King, (maitre horloger du Grand Conseil du Roy). Fardoil died in 1722. Among many ingenious designs, Fardoil also invented his famous dividing engine for wheels with 102 to 800 teeth, built an astronomical pendulum clock for King Louis XV, the Grand Dauphin, and built many pocket watches which were characterized by novel and unusual features. Pierre Fardoil is also well known as the first watchmaker to create full-enamel dials. His valuable clocks and pocket watches are today part of famous museums such as the "Musée de l'Observatoire", the "Musée des Arts et Metiers" (both in Paris), "Musée International d'Horlogerie La Chaux-de-Fonds", Swit- zerland, and the "Science Museum", London, which has in its collection a pocket watch dated c. 1700. Fardoil's pocket watches are also to be found among important private collections. The astronomical pendulum clock survived to this day and is part of the collection of the "Musée de L'Observatoire", Paris, exhibited at the Châ- teau de Meudon,(Louis VX, Le Grand Dauphin, died there in 1711.) – Literature: "Thiout's Traitéd'Horlo- gerie", Paris, 1741, S. 55, tabel 23". Charles Holzapfel, "Turning and Mechanical Manipulations", Vol. II, 1856, S. 639. Robin Gwynn. “Huguenot Heritage: The History and Contribution of the Huguenots in Britain".
There is another example of Fardoil's calculator known to exist. This example was donated to the "Musée des Arts et Metiers, Paris" in 1866 by the French "Acadé- mie des Sciences." However, this second example mys- teriously vanished; last records date back to 1942. This Fardoil calculator was cataloged under the inventory number 7477 and described as "Cadran pour faire les additions et les soustractions, par P. Fardoil (1720)." This exceedingly rare and early adding machine is of superb museum quality and one of the earliest ma- chines in the history of mechanical calculators.
Also included in the lot is a Single Hand Pocket Watch by "Pierre Fardoil", c. 1710, with fuse movement signed "P. Fardoil a Paris", with polished green ray- skin-covered fire-gilded case, domed glass, enameled dial with Roman numerals, lance-shaped hand, gilt plate movement, pierced and engraved balance cock, Egyptian pillars, key-wind spindle from the front, Ø 2 3/5 in., running condition! With key.
21: Chiffriermaschine "Hagelin B-21", ab 1927
€ 7.000,-
Hersteller: AB Cryptograph, Schweden, mechanisch, Drucktasten-gesteuert, 4 Rotoren, elektrische Anzeige mit Glühlampen, Serien-Nr. 478, in Holzkasten und Leder-Übertasche. Basierend auf einem Patent von Arvid Gerhard Damm entwickelte Boris Hagelin diese Maschine. Sie sollte anstelle der Enigma bei der schwe- dischen Armee eingesetzt werden.
Manufactured by AB Cryptograph, Sweden, mechani- cally-operated, keyboard-controlled, 4 rotors, lamp panel matrix output, serial no. 478, in wooden case and outer leather carrying bag. Boris Haglin designed the B-21 based on an earlier patent by Arvid Gerhard Damm. It was used by the Swedish Army instead of the Enigma.
22: Chiffriermaschine "Cryptograph" von Sir Charles Wheatstone, ab 1877 € 3.500,-
– (2/2) – € 30.000/70.000 – (161/3)
Chiffriermaschinen
– Cypher Machines –
"Hagelin B-21" Cyper Machine, 1927 onwards
– (2-/–) – € 10.000/15.000 – (309/10)
Hersteller: L.M. Ericsson & Co., Stockholm, polyalpha- betisches Ver- und Entschlüsselungs-Gerät des großen britischen Erfinders und Wissenschaftlers Sir Charles Wheatstone. Mechanisches Handgerät mit 28 Feldern in der äußeren Skala und 27 individuell beschriftbaren Feldern in der inneren Skala, Ø 10 cm. Bei der schwedi- schen Marine und Armee in den 1880er Jahren einge- setzt. In mit Samt ausgeschlagener Original-Schatulle. – Extrem selten!
"Cryptograph" Cypher Machine by Sir Charles Wheatstone, 1877 onwards
Manufactured by L.M. Ericsson & Co., Stockholm, polyalphabetic mechanical pocket coding and decoding machine, invented by the great British scientist Sir Charles Wheatstone, 28 fields in outer letter ring, 27 individually-inscribable fields in inner ring, Ø 4 in., in velvet-lined case. Used by the Swedish Navy and Army during the 1880s. – Extremely rare!
– (2+/1–2) – € 5.000/8.000 – (309/11)